| Data Analysis and Report writing
Analysis of data basically involves
- producing basic analysis tables
- creating relevant cross tabs to further fine-tune the conclusions
- performing any additional levels of analysis.
Data analysis packages such as SPSS (Statistical Package for Social
Sciences), SAS (Statistical Analysis System) and Quantum can be
used depending on the level of analysis needed.
Categories of Data Analysis
There are several categories of findings that are common across
Citizen Report Cards. The categories along with some examples for
each are as follows:
- Estimates on aspects of service delivery
- The average number of hours that water is supplied
- Comparisons across service types
- Comparing the overall level of satisfaction within the same
service (tap at home vis-à-vis public taps) in a locality.
- Comparing incidence of corruption across the two service providers
in a locality.
- Comparisons across localities
- Comparing problem resolution between two types of areas (i.e.
slum and non-slum areas) in a locality
- Evaluating the percentage of residents who have door-to-door
garbage clearance in the East zone as against the West zone of
a city
- Comparisons over time
- Tracking change in satisfaction level of drinking water in
a locality over a five-year period, taking the first one as a
benchmarking study.
Data Analysis – Basic Analysis Tables
and Report Writing
Basic analysis tables consist of collected responses for each question
for the population or for subgroups of interest (e.g. by zone, gender,
slum-type etc.).
Methods to analyze data
Simple techniques are used to analyze data.
- Averages (e.g. average amount paid as a bribe)
- Data ranges (e.g. age, income)
- Frequencies (e.g. percentage of users who are satisfied with
a service)
Writing the WatSan ‘Citizen Report Card’ The
report comprises of the interpretation of the tables generated.
An effective CRC report is well organized, clearly written, and
concise. The Citizen Report Card main report should include
- Executive Summary
- Survey Objectives
- Methodology and
- Major Findings
- Conclusions and Policy Implications.
One important aspect that needs to be kept in mind is that the
report should include both the positive and negative findings
and thus present a holistic picture of the study.
The main survey report will range from 15-25 pages in length, depending
on the number of services and figures.
(for details go to Module 8 in the website www.citizenreportcard.com)
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